The Iberian woman.

Historical context.

The Iberian culture consists of a set of pre-Roman towns that share much of their customs although there are regional differences, since the occupation of this village includes a large territory. This culture is intimately associated with colonization from the eastern Mediterranean, ie the interaction with Greek and Punic. Regarding the woman seen in the iconography influences on fashion in both suits, and jewelry and hairstyles.

Stand out for their originality, headdresses and hairstyles of oriental and Greek influence. In this sense, we have a reference of Strabo: "In other places women preen with a rounded comb the back of the neck and tied at the head of the ears, which gradually decreases in height and width ". In veils, shawls and dresses and also the eastern Greek influence is evident. There outfits with frills, fringes and borders. Among the gems are the belts, necklaces, earrings, rings, bracelets and "wheels" for the ears.

How was the life of the Iberian women?

Strabo says about women. "Women work the land and give birth in the same field, under a tree, and then they keep working . Husband gives dowry to women and is the daughters who inherit and choose wives for their brothers. Such customs point to a gynecocracy can not be called civilized. "

Social context.

Some women flaunted an elevated position. As priestesses occupy a role as intermediaries between gods and men, therefore the priestesses have been witnesses of this relationship (eg the statue of the Lady of Elche or statue of Lady Offeror). Sacred prostitution was practiced and found evidence of some shrines.

The Iberian women is closely related to the supernatural world.

The situation of the Iberian woman depends on her social class. If she belongs to the aristocracy, she enjoys broad powers as deduced from the regalia of their graves, competing in wealth with men. The Iberian woman appears in religious ceremonies on an equal footing with men, or even at a higher level when representing the Goddess (the Lady of Elche or Baza). It is even possible that the priesthood was composed mainly of women.

The Iberian women worked together with men in the field and care of livestock and livestock and, in many cases, take over full of animals and children, for the Iberian society was very belligerent and were frequent clashes between different peoples. She watches over the family and the village as the man is fighting. Despite the positive assessment of women in the Iberian world, it holds a sedentary protective function of the family and the man is moving and embodies power.

Women belonging to a high social class, whose most obvious example is the priestesses, valuables owned and occupied a privileged position in society. Some practiced sacred prostitution, a form of prostitution from Eastern that had special consideration.

Lady of Elche

Catholic prayers

Prayer for the Eucharist. Prayer to the Blessed Virgin

Oh Mother of pity and mercy, Blessed Virgin Mary. I, wretched and unworthy sinner, I trust in You with all my heart and affection. And I come to your pity for, as I were you with your most sweet Son nailed to the cross, also're next to me, miserable sinner, and together with the faithful here and throughout the Holy Church will participate in this divine sacrifice so that, aided by your grace, we offer a host decent and acceptable in the presence of addition and only Trinity. Amen.

The Creed.

I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Creator of Heaven and Earth, of all things visible and invisible.

We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, born of the Father before all worlds, God of God, Light from Light, true God, begotten, not made, of one being with the Father, by whom all things were made. Who for us men and our salvation came down from heaven and by the Holy Spirit he became incarnate in the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, suffered and was buried and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of God. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end.

I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son he is worshiped and glorified, who spoke by the prophets.

I believe in the Church, one Catholic and Apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. Look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world. Amen.

Hail Mary.

Hail, Queen, Mother of Mercy, our life, our sweetness and our hope. Hail. To you we cry, poor banished children of Eve. A Ti sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley of tears. Turn then, most gracious advocate, returns to us thy merciful eyes. And after this our exile show unto us the blessed fruit of your womb.O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary!

Pray for us, O Holy Mother of God. Pray that we may be made ​​worthy of the promises of Christ.

Pray for us, O Holy Mother of God. Pray that we may be made ​​worthy of the promises of Christ.

Advent Prayer.

Sweet and gentle Virgin Mother of God and most sacred! and it's time for your blessed birth, painless childbirth, joyous birth. This is your time and ours is too. yours, it's because you have to discover the world have seen a very divine treasures locked up in your belly, and the sun that is to lighten it, and the bread of heaven that has to sustain him, and the fountain of living waters which all living things living. And you, Lady, with this sacred birth have to become more glorious, as for being mother flower your virginity will wither before you receive a new freshness and new beauty, as are the door closed Ezekiel, enclosed garden and sealed source and people will recognize you and they will love you for being the mother of their Lord, and repair of the human race, and empress and princess of all creation.

But this time is ours, not only because it is for our good and our good principle , but because since Adam sinned and God gave him hope with his promise that he would remedy all the patriarchs have wished , all the prophets have promised , all the Old Testament saints have longed for it, all the people have waited and all creatures are waiting and hanging from your most happy delivery, which is waged in the sum of health and eternal happiness. Why,oh Our Hope ! Oh Refuge our exile ! Hear our cries , hear the cries of all ages and nations, and continuous prayers and tears of the human race , which is buried in the shadow of death , awaiting the light and show them to the Blessed Son of thy womb , His Redeemer, their glory , their life and all his bliss. Hurry , Blessed Virgin , hurry , speed up your happy and blessed birth, and show unto your only Son, dress your flesh, to give spirit to carnal men and make them children of God, to whom be glory and praise forever ever. Amen .

Titles given to the Virgin Mary.

- Mary Mother of God.

- Mother of the Church.

- Lawyer and redemptrix.

- Queen.

- Spiritual Mother.

- Universal Mediatrix.

- Ark of the Covenant.

- Educator of the Son of God.

- Hope of humanity.

- New Eve.

- Daughter of Zion.

- Icon of the Church.

- Immaculate Conception.

- Celestial Advocate.

- Help.

- Mother of Hope and Unity.

- Mother of Carmel.

- Holy Virgin of virgins.

- Mother of Christ.

- Mary, Mother of men.

- Mother of divine grace.

- Mother most pure.

- Mother most chaste.

- Admirable Mother.

- Mother of Good Counsel.

- Mother of the Creator.

- Mother of the Savior.

- Mother of mercy.

- Prudent Virgin.

- Virgin worthy of veneration.

- Virgin most renowned.

- Powerful virgin.

- Virgin Clemente.

- Faithful virgin.

- Mirror of justice.

- Tower of David.

- Ivory tower.

- Throne of Wisdom.

- Cause of our joy.

- Spiritual vessel.

- Vessel of honor.

- Glass devotion radiata.

- Mystical Rose.

- House of gold.

- Heaven's Gate.

- Morning Star.

- Health of the sick.

- Refuge of sinners.

- Comforter of the afflicted.

- Help of Christians.

- Queen of Angels.

- Queen of patriarchs.

- Queen of profestas.

- Queen of the Apostles.

- Queen of Martyrs.

- Queen of confessors.

- Queen of the Virgin.

- Queen of All Saints.

- Queen conceived without original sin.

- Queen assumed into heaven.

- Queen of the Holy Rosary.

- Queen of the family.

- Queen of Peace.

Catholicism

Catholicism is a term that refers to the faithful Christians, as well as Catholic theology, doctrine, liturgy, ethical principles and rules of behavior derived, like the whole of his followers as a whole.

Tenets of Faith

Tenets of Faith of Catholicism are the core beliefs that identify and define the Catholic faith against other Christian denominations. For a Catholic, dogma is a truth revealed by God and proposed by the Church. Some of these tenets are:

- The Trinity of God. There are three divine persons, not three gods: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. These are one God.

- The Eucharist: the bread and wine changed into the Body and Blood of Christ.

- The Immaculate Conception: Mary, mother of Jesus, was not met by the original sin. Her conception is free from sin.

- The divine motherhood: the Virgin Mary is the mother of God.

Sacraments.

Sacraments of Christian initiation.

- Baptism. By Baptism Christians are freed from sin and reborn as sons of God, become members of Christ, are incorporated into the Church.

- Communion. The holy Eucharist completes Christian touring or whitewater beginner.

- Confirmation. This sacrament is necessary for the baptismal grace. Enrich the faithful with a special strength of the Holy Spirit, commit themselves as true witnesses of Christ.

Sacraments of healing.

Penance.

According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church:

- It is called the sacrament of "conversion" because it makes sacramentally present Jesus' call to conversion, the return of the Father from whom one has strayed by sin.

- Is called the sacrament of "penance" for personal and ecclesial steps of conversion, penance and reparation for the Christian sinner enshrined.

- Is called the sacrament of "confession" that the disclosure or confession of sins to a priest is an essential element of this sacrament.

- Sacrament of "forgiveness" is called for, by the priest's sacramental absolution God grants the penitent the forgiveness and peace.

Anointing of the Sick.

By the sacred anointing of the sick and the prayer of the priests the whole Church commends whole the sick to the suffering and glorified Lord, that he may raise them up and save. Even freely encouraged to join the Passion and death of Christ and thus contribute to the good of the People of God.

Sacrament of community service.

Marriage.

The matrimonial covenant by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of a lifetime.

Some concepts:

The Beatitudes:

- Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.

- Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.

- Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.

- Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled.

- Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.

- Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.

- Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.

- Blessed are those persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.

- Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and speak to you all kinds of evil, for my sake. Rejoice and be glad for great is great in Heaven.

Gifts of the Holy Spirit:

- Wisdom.

- Understanding.

- Fortaleza.

- Science.

- Piedad.

- Fear of God.

Liturgical chants start:

Pilgrim Church of God.

All united into one body, a body that was born at Easter, members of Christ's blood redeemed. Pilgrim Church of God. He lives in us force the Holy Spirit that the Son from the Father sent. He leads us, guides us, feeds us. Pilgrim Church of God.

We are in the seed ground of another kingdom, we are witnesses of love. War and peace for light among the shadows. Pilgrim Church of God.

Rugen storms and sometimes it seems that our boat has lost the rudder. You look scared, do not have confidence. Pilgrim Church of God. A hope fills us with joy, Mr. promised presence. We will sing, He comes with us. Pilgrim Church of God.

All born in one baptism, united in the same communion. All living in the same house. Pilgrim Church of God. All bound in one fate, linked to the same salvation. We are a body and Christ is the head. Pilgrim Church of God.

All born in one baptism, united in the same communion. All living in the same house. Pilgrim Church of God. All bound in one fate, linked to the same salvation. We are a body and Christ is the head. Pilgrim Church of God.

Act of penance, liturgical chant.

Today, forgive me.

Now forgive me, today forever. Without looking at the lie, the void in our lives, our lack of love and charity.

Now forgive me, forever today, knowing that even I have fallen, I'd always run away from you. Today repentant return, return to you, back to you, back to you.

Edge of Glory:

Glory to God in heaven and on earth, peace to men on whom his favor.

For your glory we praise you, we bless you, we adore you, we glorify you, we thank you.

Lord God, Heavenly King, God the Father Almighty, Lord only Son, Jesus Christ, Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father.

You take away the sin of the world, have mercy, hear our prayers. You who are seated at the right hand of the Father, have mercy on us.

For you alone are holy, You alone, Lord, You alone. Most High Jesus Christ, with the Holy Spirit.

In the glory of God the Father, in the glory of God the Father. Amen.

Psalms. The Lord is my shepherd.

The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. The Lord is my shepherd, I lack What?. In green pastures He leads me to rest. Lead me to the waters of comfort, and comforted my soul.

The guides me in paths of righteousness for his name's sake. In dark ravine I am not afraid, because these with me. Your silence and your staff are the right hand of my trust.

To me, you hold the table. In front of my opponents, you have anointed my head with oil, and my cup overflows. Goods will joy and thanks in your home while alive.

Demos Glory to the mighty Father, Jesus the Lord, the Holy Spirit who dwells in our souls, our comforter. The God who is, who was and is to come, for ever and ever.

Singing offering. Blessed are you, Lord.

Blessed be the Lord God of the universe. For this bread, fruit of the earth and work of human hands, we receive your generosity. And here we introduce, will He for us the bread of life. Blessed be God forever.

Blessed are you, Lord God of the universe. For this wine, fruit of the vine and work of human hands, we receive from your generosity. And here we introduce: He will for us as a spiritual drink. Blessed be God for ever. Lord.

saint

Holy, holy, holy, holy is the Lord. Holy, holy, holy God of the universe. Heaven and earth are full of Your glory. Hosanna, Hosanna in the highest heaven, and blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest, Hosanna in the highest.

Magnificat.

My soul proclaims the love of God, the Savior and my spirit, because he looked at my humility and worldwide acclaim me.

And the Blessed Virgin sang to the Lord, thanking him for his great love.

The humble God will raise it, He will bring down the proud, the hungriest He will give his bread, and the rich he lay.

And the Holy Virgin ...

Historically God chose us to be witnesses of His love, mercy and kindness will always be with us.

Christmas songs.

Towards Bethlehem goes a donkey.

Towards Bethlehem goes a donkey rin rin
I patched I patched me
I did a patch I took it off
Loaded with chocolate.

Bring in your chocolate rin rin
I patched I patched me
I did a patch I took it off
your grinder and portable stove.

Mary, Mary, come here running
that are eating chocolate.

In the stable of Bethlehem
mice have entered
and the good of St. Joseph
they have gnawed pants.
Mary, Mary, come here running
that the undergarments I gnawing are.

In the stable of Bethlehem
Gypsies have entered
and the child in the crib, diapers have changed.

Mary, Mary, come here flying that are washing diapers.

The Little Drummer Boy

The road to Bethlehem down to the snow covered valley. Pastors want to see their King. They bring gifts in his humble bag. He was born in Bethlehem Portal of the Child Jesus.

I would like to put your feet a present that pleases you, Lord. But you already know I'm too poor and do not have more than an old drum. In your honor, facing the goal, I'll play my drum.

The Road to Bethlehem I am marking my old drum. There is nothing better that you can offer, its hoarse accent is a love song. When God saw me playing with me He smiled.

Night of Peace and Love.

Silent night, holy night. All sleeping around among the stars who spread their light has been announcing to the Child Jesus. Shining Star of Peace.

Silent night, holy night, all sleeping around. Just watch in the dark pastors who are in the field. And the Star of Bethlehem. And the Star of Bethlehem.

Silent night, holy night, all sleeping around. About the baby Jesus a star sheds its light. Shines upon the King, the King shines on.

Silent night, holy night, all sleeping around. Faithful ensuring there in Bethlehem, the shepherds, the Mother also, and the Star of peace. And the Star of Peace.

Adeste Fideles

Come faithful, joyful, triumphant. Come to Bethlehem. Behold the born King of angels. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship the Lord.

Sing now the choir of angels. Sing now the Heavenly Court. Glory, glory to God in the highest. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship the Lord.

Eternal Father, Eternal Splendor. Veiled in flesh we shall see. God infant wrapped in swaddling clothes. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship the Lord.

See here, born on this day. Jesus, to thee be glory. Eternal Father, the Word made flesh. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship the Lord.

God from God, Light from Light. Conceived as a child in the womb. True God, begotten, not made. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship the Lord.

Leaving the flock, humble to the crib, pastors are called haste. And we left with joyful step. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship the Lord.

The star leads the wise men, worship Christ. Gold, frankincense and myrrh, gifts that give. The baby Jesus the heart they show him. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship the Lord.

For us poor and lying on straw. Let's heat peeps hugs. Who loves us. Who does not love him?. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship. Come, let us worship the Lord.

December 25.

December 25, fun, fun, fun. December 25, fun, fun, fun. A very nice little boy was born in a doorway, his face pink looks like a very beautiful flower.

Come shepherds fun, fun, fun. Come shepherds, fun, fun, fun. Come with tambourines and castanets to play, to worship the King of Heaven who has appeared on the floor, fun, fun, fun.

From heaven he is looking, fun, fun, fun. Des Sky is looking, fun, fun, fun. In land shining with light that shines as the voice of the sky, celebrating the birth of Jesus.

Nativity scene.

It is the visual representation of the birth of Jesus Christ, which is usually present during the Christmas holidays in homes, churches, businesses, etc.. The construction and display of the Nativity scene is part of the Christmas liturgy of the Catholic tradition.

The Nativity scene represents, generally, Jesus, Mary and Joseph in a manger, in a stable, a barn or a cave, accompanied by a mule and an ox.

You can also include representations of the shepherds gathered to worship the new born, the three wise men with their gifts, angels and Star of Bethlehem. In addition to this scene often include other as the Annunciation of the Angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary, the Visitation of Mary to her cousin Elizabeth, the fruitless search for an inn, the Massacre of the Innocents by Herod and the Flight into Egypt. More religious scenes and load essentially the Nativity are called Mysteries.

The Nativity scene in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) includes a character called "the shitter", depicting a peasant in the act of defecation, which refers to agricultural fertility cults related field. It is customary not to put the baby Jesus in his crib until 25 December.

Merry Christmas Mary!

There was once an old woman named Mary. She was 84 years ago and that loneliness was her only companion, because she was a widow and her children had migrated to other cities in search of work. Mary alone was visited by Carmen, a social worker who helped with chores and offered him all the love that her children no longer gave her. They were always very busy and usually at Christmas parties were more important commitments to visit an old lady.

One Christmas Eve, Mary was sitting next to a round table with petticoats covering her legs, warming with an electric brazier which was just below the table. It had a pleasant winter day. Lowest lethargy sun streamed through the window illuminating the room dimly. Despite being a sunny day, it was freezing.

The Christmas holidays had arrived. Through the window, Mary watched as people walked through the city. The streets were decorated with colorful lights , forming the typical Christmas figures : bells , holly , fir Christmas , Santa Claus faces , sleds ... People walked the streets wrapping up their coats , scarves and hats covering their heads , chatting on the streets and doing the typical purchases of these dates . Mary, rapt , watching from his window all the fuss people while gently stirring a big bowl of thick chocolate , accompanied by some donuts coated in sugar. She knew that he was giving excessive treat for your health , but the pleasure of that bowl of chocolate replaced the void in his heart. With the first sip of chocolate, Mary closed her eyes reveling in the feeling of wellbeing that invaded his body. When Mary opened her eyes and looked out the window she noticed something different in the environment.

The streets were paved with stone, they strolled through wood and iron chariots driven by horses and mules. The houses were made of mud, stone and plaster and were plastered with lime. People were dressed in old clothes. Children played in the street with snow, made ​​snowballs and threw them at each other. Mary was impressed. She rose from the table and went out.

In the distance she saw some girls playing in the street, and one of them shouted:

- Mary, come play with us!

Mary recognized to those girls. Puzzled, he looked his body. Everything about her had changed. Now he looked like a girl of 9 years.She had stepped back in time! That girl was calling her older sister, Charity. Great confusion and overflowing joy invaded her infant body. Without thinking, she ran to her sister and started playing with the snow. There were Hope, Eleanor, Piety and Elisabeth (his little sister, with 4 years, trying unsuccessfully to keep up with all those girls twice her age).

Mary, fatigued by the game, he sat on a gate. After a few minutes, the large wooden door opened and she heard a voice saying:

- Mary, honey, call your sisters. I have prepared a snack: a big bowl of chocolate and muffins. Come and rest a while.

Mary, stunned, recognized that voice in her heart. It was mom! she turned and saw her. Tears moistened her face. She had preserved in her memory the image of her mother as she was watching at the time. A weak-looking woman, dressed in black with a large white apron tied around his waist, greasy and chocolate drops. The gray hair tied back and that smile so tender.

Mary called her sisters. She took Elizabeth into her arms, he could not stop kissing and cuddling her. Elizabeth knew reciprocate with emotional hugs and sweet kisses. She returned to enjoy those snacks that mom prepared.

Her mother reminded them that it was Christmas Eve and that night estrenarían their new wool coats that she had made ​​and new shoes, and be ready to walk through the streets of the village asking some Christmas money.

This Christmas Eve, Mary went to dinner with her parents and sisters. On the table was a large plate with potatoes and lamb, a jug of red wine and a loaf of bread. Everyone enjoyed dinner and waited anxiously the arrival of dessert. Those tasty shortbread so lovingly prepared by mom.

After dinner, came his Queñes friends, singing carols and playing tambourines and entered the house to pick up Mary and Charity. Both took shelter in their new coats and shoes, grabbed their tambourines and excited, took to the streets in search of donations from their neighbors.

That night, people were very generous and collected all kinds of sweets and nougat. In each house were offered a sweet exchange for listening to a good carol. After spending all night singing, Mary and her friends were distributed and collected, tired, each went to her house.

Mary, accompanied by Charity, came into their own, and together they went to her room, returning to share the bed.

Mary closed her eyes. Sleep overtook her at the time. A feeling of being invaded her body.

"That would be nice to relive those moments when we are happy. Such moments of childhood are captured in our memories waiting to be rescued one day, to remind us that Christmas magic will live forever in our hearts"

Mary did not reawakened. She fell asleep forever in that chair by the window. Her childhood was the most precious treasure of her life, her mind tried to fight for years to remember those happy moments with her family and always remember the little people who made hers forever. Her long life ended as she always dreamed about being young, being happy, remembering those years when nothing was afraid, she was happy and dreamed.

Bread with tomato.

The tomato bread is a meal representative of Catalonia (Northeastern Spain), consists of a slice of bread rubbed with ripe tomato half and seasoned with olive oil and salt.

It is a traditional food from the kitchens Catalan, Aragonese, and the Balearic Islands (Islas Baleares and northeastern Spain), similar to the Italian bruschetta. Workers have a history in Southern (South of Spain) who migrated to other parts of the Iberian Peninsula. He is considered one of the typical examples that define the Mediterranean diet.

Preparation:

The bread with tomato is made by smearing and mature medium raw tomato on a slice of bread, preferably bread "rustic", toasted or not, seasoned to taste with salt and olive oil. If desired, toast the bread once, and before spreading tomato, spreadable garlic to give it a spicy flavor.

It can be a starter, a companion of other foods and also a main course, in which case it is usually associated with: sausage, ham, cheese and omelette.

origins:

It is known that bread with tomato is inspired by the bread with olive oil, seasoned bread slices with olive oil and seasoned with a little salt. Binding of bread and oil have been present in the Mediterranean from ancient Greece. The first written reference of bread with tomato nineteenth century, devised in the countryside, in a time of abundance in tomato crops, to take advantage and thus soften the dry bread.